Thursday, January 19, 2017

Chapter 7 Vocabulary: Lifespan Development

Preoperational Stage: reasoning and thinking about the ways that were not possible in earlier stages.

Intuition: primitive reasoning based on feelings

Centration: the tendency to focus on just one aspect of something seen

Conservation: refers to an ability to follow transformations of viewed objects

Egocentrism: an inability to take another person's perspective

Windows of Opportunity: time frames for optimizing the development of critical skills

Metacognition: they think about what they are thinking and focus on their inward thoughts

Metamemory: they think about what they remember

Phonolgy: refers to the sounds that make up words

Semantics: refers to the meaning of words

Preconventional Morality: Kohlberg's first level of moral development

Initiative versus Guilt: Erikson's description of the next stage of social-emotional development

Democratic parenting styles: giving choices and encouraging children

Authoritarian parenting styles: tends to be controlling and corrective

Permissive parenting styles: tends to let children control situations, making the decisions with few limits or controls

Gender Identity: having a sense about being a boy or a girl

Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder: behavioral disorder that can become evident during preschool

Autism Spectrum Disorder: broad term that describes a developmental disability that leads to problems with social behaviors and communication

Aspergers Disorders: mild form of autism

Autistic Disorder: more severe variation of autism




Wednesday, January 18, 2017

Parenting Styles

Authoritarian
-Children are expected to follow the rules set by their strict parents.

Authoritative
-Parents set the rules and "rule" over the child but they are willing to listen to what the child has to say and their reasoning.

Permissive
-Parents have very few rules or demands and they don't expect much from their child. Very little disciplined is used.

Uninvolved
-Parent and child have very little communication and no demands or rules set for them. They fulfill the child's basic needs but are hardly in their life.


Characteristics of Thinking

Egocentrism
Preschoolers believe that everything that happens is because of them or affects them in one way or the other. 

Centration
Children are drawn to only one aspect of a problem or situation. They only focus on one thing at a time, for example, the fast  movement of an action hero fight. 

Inability to Conserve
Children's inability to understand that something will remain the same unless they take or add something to it, and that will change what the amount is or how well it works. 

Animistic Thinking
Used to develop the child's comprehension of what is real and what is pretend, and how they should feel towards that object if it is nonliving. 

Supernatural Fears
These occur when a child confuses the difference between reality and fantasy and they develop fear. Once they experience more normal experiences, they learn to control the fears. 

Classification
Child has difficulty classifying objects. Around age 4 they begin to classify objects by one attribute such as color or shape.

Difficulty Identifying Transitions
Children at a young age tend to notice things once they happen and after they happen, not what happens in between.

Wednesday, January 11, 2017

Age Appropriate Toys

1-2 Years


Kidioke books are books that play music on each page to classic and simple songs easy for children to learn. These are age appropriate because while they are listening to the song, each page has images that go along with the lyrics and it helps them develop the comprehension of words to images.


This telephone toy helps children in communication development and understanding what these devices are used for. The string attached also allows for something they can pull on while they are learning to walk.


2-3 1/2 Years



Hatchimals are toys designed to teach children about nurture and patience. Kids can learn how to be patient on waiting for something and the reward that comes when they succeed. They also learn that nurturing is important and it can be helpful if the mother is expecting a second child, so they understand that new babies need lots of attention and care.





Fingerpaint can develop a child's sense of creativity and also fine motor skills because they have to be careful enough to create the pattern that they want to see.