Toddlers

• Toddlers- children between the ages of 1 and 3 years. 
• Inoculations- substances that are given in shot form to produce or boost immunity to a specific disease such as measles or mumps.
• Scaffolding- helping a child
• Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD)- the level at which a child can learn with help. 
• Holophrases- one word to describe a whole group of items.
• Telegraphic speech- combining words into two word combinations. 
• Autonomy Versus Shame & Doubt- the next stage of social development during which children begin to see themselves as separate from their parents of guardians. 
• Temper Tantrum- emotional episode of upset behavior 
• Parallel Play- playing alongside another with little interaction.

Common Childhood Illnesses

Common illnesses can be prevented by handwashing & staying at home. Typically, the common cold will start in the upper respiratory tract, this can be prevented by avoiding exposure to cold weather and even being around people who smoke. The flu can be prevented by avoiding close contact with someone who is already infected with the flu, along with the flu immunization during infancy. An ear infection can be found not only in children, but also in adults, so its important that a child avoids being near an adult or other child who has an ear infection. This and the flu are the most common ones found. Pink eye is a very contagious disease that is also extremely dangerous and harmful. Pink eye, like the previous can also be avoided by keeping out of contact with an infected person. There is also over the counter antibiotics that can be prescribed before the disease has advanced too much.

Child Immunizations

I believe that it is important for children to get their immunizations because it can prevent future illnesses and disease as well as prevent the spread of the disease to others around them, especially pregnant women and newborns. While these vaccinations can contain certain elements  that may not be the safest for children, years and years of successful immunizations and disease prevention have proved that immunizations can be safe and extremely helpful. Children who do not have immunizations are more prone to illnesses which can lead to death, increasing infant mortality statistics and death at an early age.

Newborn Screening Tests

• Cord-Blood Blanking is storing blood from the umbilical cord when the mother gives birth. It can be used to treat necessary cell transplants like lukemia & anemia. 
• The Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) is used for babies who are born prematurely or have problems at birth. The doctors and nurses in the NICU can diagnose certain diseases and defects such as anemia, apnea, bradycardia, chronic lung disease and many more. 
• Meconium Aspiration is when a baby accidentally inhales amniotic fluid and/or meconium which is their first feces. By inhaling this, it blocks their airway completely making it extremely difficult to breathe and can also cause infection in the lungs. 
• Newborns can be screen tested for Phenylketunoria which is a metabolic disorder, Congential Hypothroidism which deals with the amount of hormons babies have, and Galatosemia, which deals with the lack of glucose which is a major component in producing the baby's energy. 
• PKU screening detects a disorder involved with the new borns metabolism