Infancy

Infancy: the period from birth to the baby's first birthday

Neonates: the time period from birth to one month of age

Apgar Scale: administered at one minute and then again 5 minutes after the baby is born

Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale: a test that measures a baby's reflexes and responses to senses such as light, sound & touch

Rooting Reflex: when they move towards a bottle of mother's breast when their side of their mouth is stroked

Bonding: the emotional connection that a parent or caregiver develops with the baby

Postpartum Period: a period of at least 6 weeks after birth in which the mother needs time for
physical & psychological adjustments

Postpartum Depression: an intense sadness and oftentimes emotional withdrawal from others

Proximodistal Development: infants learn to control the muscles at the core of their body before the
muscles from further out from their abdominal center

Cephalocaudal Development: the way babies develop from the top of their head down to their extremities

Shaken Baby Syndrome: the tragic injuries that result fro babies being shaken

Crawling: a type of dragging movement accomplished by the baby pulling forward by the arms & shoulders while lying on the stomach

Creeping: movement that occurs by using the hands & knees to pull the body while the stomach is raised off the ground

Palmar Grasp: to scrape up an object with their fingers into the palm of their hands

Pincer Grasp: when they use their forefinger & thumb to grasp things

Food Intolerance: reactions to foods that are unpleasant, such a digestive or behavioral problems

Sensorimotor Stage: infants move from reflexes to interacting with the world around them using their growing motor skills

Object Permanence: the understanding that people, places, or objects still exist even when they are out of sight or can no longer be heard or touched

Receptive Languages: when babies can understand language before they can form words

Trust Versus Mistrust: the stage for socio-emotional development during infancy

Attachment: the emotional connection between the child and the caregiver, occurs later in the infancy

Birth Defect - Cranosyntosis

Prenatal Testing

Your first prenatal visit

• Your doctor or provider asks you about family health history for any possibilities of birth defects passed through genetics, your last menstrual period, any allergies or medications you might be consuming, drug, smoking, or alcohol use can be questioned too. 
• Doctor will check your weight and blood  pressure, checks urine sample for any infection, and does a physical exam 

Ongoing Prenatal Visits

• Doctor/provider measures belly to see baby's growth & progress, listen for the baby's heartbeat, perform blood tests & ultrasounds.
• Prenatal visits are scheduled once a month until the 28th week of pregnancy, then twice a month until the 36, and once a week until birth. 
• The frequency of visits is determined by the growth and health of the baby as well as the care of the mother.

Sonograms & Ultrasounds 

• A sonogram/ultrasound is a test using sound waves to create an image of your baby, placenta, and other pelvic organs. They begin to be used at 6-10 weeks to confirm pregnancy and later on to keep track of the baby's image & determine the gender.
• A 3-D sonogram is a photo of the baby's image
• A 4-D sonogram can show the baby's movement.
• Physical abnormalities & Down Syndrome can be determined through an ultrasound.

Amniocentesis

• Amniocentesis is taken through a sample of your amniotic fluid, as opposed to an ultrasound which is just a photograph.
• It can be used to detect genetic disorders, birth defects, & chromosomal disorders.
• Amniocentesis can assess maturity of baby's lungs, which an ultrasound cannot.

Prenatal Tests

• Prenatal tests can be useful to figure out any abnormality in the cells producing the fetus, any blood abnormalities, any birth defects, and can be used to figure out ways to prevent these things.